Which concept refers to equality of all people, calling people by their first name, and shared decision making?

• A. Egalitarianism
• B. Hygiene
• C. Role of women
• D. Scientific orientation

Answer: (A)

Egalitarianism is the principle that all people are entitled to equal respect and influence in how things are done. In health care practice, this shows up as treating patients and colleagues as equal partners by using informal, respectful interactions like calling people by their first names and actively including them in decisions about their care. Shared decision making—the idea that patients should participate in choices about their treatment—reflects this commitment to equality and mutual respect.

Hygiene focuses on cleanliness and infection control, not on equal status or collaborative decision making. The role of women pertains to societal gender expectations, not to equal treatment or shared decision processes. A scientific orientation emphasizes relying on evidence and methods, rather than equality and shared governance in interpersonal interactions.