Name a core principle of the reorientation of health services in the Ottawa Charter.

• A. Hospitals as the sole focus of reform.
• B. Emphasizing health promotion, community-based approaches, and primary health care.
• C. Privatizing health services to reduce costs.
• D. Centralizing decision-making at the national level.

Answer: (B)

The idea being tested is that the Ottawa Charter pushes health systems to reorient away from hospital- and treatment-centered care toward health promotion, community involvement, and strong primary health care. This reorientation means designing services that prevent illness, empower people and communities to take part in decisions, and deliver care through accessible, locally based primary care. The option that emphasizes health promotion, community-based approaches, and primary health care perfectly reflects this shift. In contrast, focusing mainly on hospitals, promoting privatization, or centralizing decision-making would undermine the move toward preventive, locally anchored, people-centered care.